- anitaraj@ucsd.edu
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Mail Code: 0070
Anita Raj
Director and Professor, Infectious Diseases & Global Public Health, School of Medicine
- Profile
- Publications and Projects
- Research Activities And Funding
- Websites
Profile
Anita Raj is a Tata Chancellor Professor of Society and Health. She is a Professor in both the Departments of Medicine and Education Studies and the Director of the Center on Gender Equity and Health (GEH). Her research, including both epidemiologic and intervention studies, focuses on sexual and reproductive health, maternal and child health, women’s economic empowerment, and gender inequalities including gender-based violence and child, early and forced marriage. Dr. Raj has approximately 300 peer-reviewed publications, and her work has been featured in major media outlets in the US, the UK, and in India. She created and leads the EMERGE platform, which provides open access to evidence-based measures on gender equality and empowerment (GEE), builds national indicators on GEE in global survey research partners for tracking SDG5, and provides trainings and technical assistance for researchers and implementers on measurement science and empowerment. She also created and leads the CalVEX study which involves state-wide survey research and supportive qualitative data on violence and health in California. She has served as an advisor to UN Women, UNICEF, the World Health Organization, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and the David and Lucille Packard Foundation, and was invited to speak at the UN General Assembly on the issue of child marriage. She also serves as advisor and grantee to Blue Shield of California Foundation and Kaiser Permanente on issues of social and health policies for California based on the work of CalVEX. In 2019, she helped spearhead two groundbreaking journal special issues on Gender Equality and Health for the Lancet and for Social Science and Medicine- Population Health. This work was conducted as part of the Center on Gender Equity and Health’s advancements in gender data science research and in preparation for Beijing Plus 25, a global initiative with the UN to improve gender equality and empowerment globally.`` Since 2020, she has been leading research and measurement in the area of COVID-19 and gender and secondary impacts of the pandemic on women and socially marginalized groups in the US and globally.
Education And Training
Mississippi College, Clinton, MS | BS | 1991 | Biology |
University of Georigia, Athens, GA | MS | 1995 | Psychology |
University of Georgia, Athens, GA | PhD | 1996 | Psychology |
University of Alabama, Birmingham; University of Georgia, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Birmingham, AL; Athens, GA | Post-Doctoral Fellowship | 1996-97 | Association of Teachers of Preventative Medicine STI/HIV |
Boston University of Public Health, Boston, MA | Post-Doctoral Training, Senior Researcher | 1997-98 |
Publications and Projects
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Alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences are associated with not being virally suppressed among persons living with HIV in the Rakai region of Uganda. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021 Aug 28; 228:109005. Miller AP, Pitpitan EV, Kiene SM, Raj A, Jain S, Zúñiga ML, Nabulaku D, Nalugoda F, Ssekubugu R, Nantume B, Kigozi G, Sewankambo NK, Kagaayi J, Reynolds SJ, Grabowski K, Wawer M, Wagman JA. PMID: 34600249.
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COVID-19-Related Financial Hardship, Job Loss, and Mental Health Symptoms: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study in a Rural Agrarian Community in India. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 08 16; 18(16). Chatterji S, McDougal L, Johns N, Ghule M, Rao N, Raj A. PMID: 34444394.
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Machine learning analysis of non-marital sexual violence in India. EClinicalMedicine. 2021 Sep; 39:101046. Raj A, Dehingia N, Singh A, McAuley J, McDougal L. PMID: 34401685.View in: PubMed
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Male-female concordance in reported involvement of women in contraceptive decision-making and its association with modern contraceptive use among couples in rural Maharashtra, India. Reprod Health. 2021 Jun 30; 18(1):139. Dixit A, Johns NE, Ghule M, Battala M, Begum S, Yore J, Saggurti N, Silverman JG, Reed E, Benmarhnia T, Averbach S, Raj A. PMID: 34193214.
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How does the sex composition of children affect men's higher ideal family size preference relative to women and contraceptive use patterns among couples? A cross-sectional analysis of dyadic couple's data in India. SSM Popul Health. 2021 Sep; 15:100835. Dey AK, Acharya R, Tomar S, Silverman JG, Raj A. PMID: 34159248.View in: PubMed
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From choice to agency in family planning services. Lancet. 2021 Jul 10; 398(10295):99-101. Bhan N, Raj A. PMID: 33971154.
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Measuring quality of family planning counselling and its effects on uptake of contraceptives in public health facilities in Uttar Pradesh, India: A cross-sectional analysis. PLoS One. 2021; 16(5):e0239565. Dey AK, Averbach S, Dixit A, Chakraverty A, Dehingia N, Chandurkar D, Singh K, Choudhry V, Silverman JG, Raj A. PMID: 33945555.
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Planning for work: Exploring the relationship between contraceptive use and women's sector-specific employment in India. PLoS One. 2021; 16(3):e0248391. McDougal L, Singh A, Kumar K, Dehingia N, Barros AJD, Ewerling F, Atmavilas Y, Raj A. PMID: 33705471.
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The association between early in marriage fertility pressure from in-laws' and family planning behaviors, among married adolescent girls in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India. Reprod Health. 2021 Mar 09; 18(1):60. Dixit A, Bhan N, Benmarhnia T, Reed E, Kiene SM, Silverman J, Raj A. PMID: 33750403.
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Household sanitation access and risk for non-marital sexual violence among a nationally representative sample of women in India, 2015-16. SSM Popul Health. 2021 Mar; 13:100738. Kayser GL, Chokhandre P, Rao N, Singh A, McDougal L, Raj A. PMID: 33665330.
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Application of machine learning to understand child marriage in India. SSM Popul Health. 2020 Dec; 12:100687. Raj A, Dehingia N, Singh A, McDougal L, McAuley J. PMID: 33335970.
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Mapping the patchwork: Exploring the subnational heterogeneity of child marriage in India. SSM Popul Health. 2020 Dec; 12:100688. McDougal L, Shakya H, Dehingia N, Lapsansky C, Conrad D, Bhan N, Singh A, McDougal TL, Raj A. PMID: 33319026.
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Sex differences in COVID-19 case fatality: do we know enough? Lancet Glob Health. 2021 01; 9(1):e14-e15. Dehingia N, Raj A. PMID: 33160453.
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Gun violence in the U.S.: It is past time we listen to the voices of women and black communities. EClinicalMedicine. 2020 Nov; 28:100610. Raj A. PMID: 33294819.
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Associations of intimate partner violence and reproductive coercion with contraceptive use in Uttar Pradesh, India: How associations differ across contraceptive methods. PLoS One. 2020; 15(10):e0241008. Tomar S, Dehingia N, Dey AK, Chandurkar D, Raj A, Silverman JG. PMID: 33064775.
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Time from COVID-19 shutdown, gender-based violence exposure, and mental health outcomes among a state representative sample of California residents. EClinicalMedicine. 2020 Sep; 26:100520. Raj A, Johns NE, Barker KM, Silverman JG. PMID: 32864593.
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Preparing for a COVID-19 surge: ICUs. EClinicalMedicine. 2020 Aug; 25:100502. Alkuzweny M, Raj A, Mehta S. PMID: 32835188.
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Validation of the Interpersonal Quality of Family Planning Scale in a rural Indian setting. Contracept X. 2020; 2:100035. Johns NE, Dixit A, Ghule M, Begum S, Battala M, Kully G, Silverman J, Dehlendorf C, Raj A, Averbach S. PMID: 32793878.
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Associations between village-level norms on marital age and marital choice outcomes among adolescent wives in rural Niger. SSM Popul Health. 2020 Aug; 11:100621. Shakya HB, Silverman J, Barker KM, Lapsansky C, Yore J, Aliou S, Brooks MI, Raj A. PMID: 32685655.
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Exploring the relationship between spousal violence during pregnancy and subsequent postpartum spacing contraception among first-time mothers in India. EClinicalMedicine. 2020 Jun; 23:100414. McDougal L, Silverman JG, Singh A, Raj A. PMID: 32639480.
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Preparing for a COVID-19 surge. EClinicalMedicine. 2020 Jun; 23:100400. Alkuzweny M, Raj A, Mehta S. PMID: 32632414.
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Spatial analysis of individual- and village-level sociodemographic characteristics associated with age at marriage among married adolescents in rural Niger. BMC Public Health. 2020 May 19; 20(1):729. Shakya HB, Weeks J, Challa S, Fleming PJ, Cislaghi B, McDougal L, Boyce SC, Raj A, Silverman JG. PMID: 32429949.
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Associations between recent intimate partner violence and receipt and quality of perinatal health services in Uttar Pradesh. PLoS One. 2020; 15(5):e0232079. Silverman JG, Fonseka RW, Dehingia N, Boyce SC, Chandurkar D, Singh K, Hay K, Atmavilas Y, Raj A. PMID: 32407320.
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Freedom of Movement and Adolescent Sexual Violence in India. J Interpers Violence. 2020 May 13; 886260520918583. Raj A, Singh A, Silverman JG, Bhan N, Barker KM, McDougal L. PMID: 32401132.
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Associations of reproductive coercion and intimate partner violence with overt and covert family planning use among married adolescent girls in Niger. EClinicalMedicine. 2020 May; 22:100359. Silverman JG, Challa S, Boyce SC, Averbach S, Raj A. PMID: 32382722.
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A cross-sectional analysis of intimate partner violence and family planning use in rural India. EClinicalMedicine. 2020 Apr; 21:100318. Chen GL, Silverman JG, Dixit A, Begum S, Ghule M, Battala M, Johns NE, Raj A, Averbach S. PMID: 32322807.
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Unintended pregnancy and maternal health complications: cross-sectional analysis of data from rural Uttar Pradesh, India. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020 Mar 30; 20(1):188. Dehingia N, Dixit A, Atmavilas Y, Chandurkar D, Singh K, Silverman J, Raj A. PMID: 32228511.
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Gender Parity at Work and Its Association With Workplace Sexual Harassment. Workplace Health Saf. 2020 Jun; 68(6):279-292. Raj A, Johns NE, Jose R. PMID: 32183607.
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Gender Differences in the Associations Between Informal Caregiving and Wellbeing in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2020 10; 29(10):1328-1338. Bhan N, Rao N, Raj A. PMID: 32159418.
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Access to women physicians and uptake of reproductive, maternal and child health services in India. EClinicalMedicine. 2020 Mar; 20:100309. Bhan N, McDougal L, Singh A, Atmavilas Y, Raj A. PMID: 32300752.
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Women and girls' health agency: Operationalizing the "Can-Act-Resist" of the women's empowerment process. EClinicalMedicine. 2020 Mar; 20:100287. Raj A. PMID: 32300741.View in: PubMed
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Effects of sexual harassment on advancement of women in academic medicine: A multi-institutional longitudinal study. EClinicalMedicine. 2020 Mar; 20:100298. Raj A, Freund KM, McDonald JM, Carr PL. PMID: 32300744.
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The Interaction of Race and Gender as a Significant Driver of Racial Arrest Disparities for African American Men. J Urban Health. 2020 02; 97(1):112-122. Fielding-Miller R, Cooper HLF, Caslin S, Raj A. PMID: 30547363.
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Protocol for cluster randomized evaluation of reaching married adolescents - a gender-synchronized intervention to increase modern contraceptive use among married adolescent girls and young women and their husbands in Niger. Reprod Health. 2019 Dec 18; 16(1):180. Challa S, DeLong SM, Carter N, Johns N, Shakya H, Boyce SC, Vera-Monroy R, Aliou S, Ibrahima FA, Brooks MI, Corneliess C, Moodie C, Nouhou AM, Souley I, Raj A, Silverman JG. PMID: 31852538.
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Family planning counseling and its associations with modern contraceptive use, initiation, and continuation in rural Uttar Pradesh, India. Reprod Health. 2019 Dec 12; 16(1):178. Hanna RF, Ward TJ, Chow DS, Lagana SM, Moreira RK, Emond JC, Weintraub JL, Prince MR, Dehingia N, Dixit A, Averbach S, Choudhry V, Dey A, Chandurkar D, Nanda P, Silverman JG, Raj A. PMID: 31831034; PMCID: PMC6909586.
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Public health impact of marital violence against women in India. Indian J Med Res. 2019 12; 150(6):525-531. Raj A. PMID: 32048616.
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Gender equality, empowerment and health: From measurement to impact. SSM Popul Health. 2019 Dec; 9:100493. Raj A. PMID: 31993486.
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Reproductive coercion in Uttar Pradesh, India: Prevalence and associations with partner violence and reproductive health. SSM Popul Health. 2019 Dec; 9:100484. Silverman JG, Boyce SC, Dehingia N, Rao N, Chandurkar D, Nanda P, Hay K, Atmavilas Y, Saggurti N, Raj A. PMID: 31998826.
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Epidemiology of Campus Sexual Assault Among University Women in Eswatini. J Interpers Violence. 2019 Nov 18; 886260519888208. Fielding-Miller R, Shabalala F, Masuku S, Raj A. PMID: 31738110.
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Achieving Gender and Social Equality: More Than Gender Parity Is Needed. Acad Med. 2019 11; 94(11):1658-1664. Raj A, Kumra T, Darmstadt GL, Freund KM. PMID: 31335818.
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Financial inclusion and intimate partner violence: What does the evidence suggest? PLoS One. 2019; 14(10):e0223721. McDougal L, Klugman J, Dehingia N, Trivedi A, Raj A. PMID: 31618219.
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The Gender Wage Gap in Pediatrics: Are Things Getting Better or Worse? Pediatrics. 2019 10; 144(4). Raj A. PMID: 31506305.
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Associations Between Sex Composition of Older Siblings and Infant Mortality in India from 1992 to 2016. EClinicalMedicine. 2019 Sep; 14:14-22. Raj A, Johns NE, McDougal L, Trivedi A, Bharadwaj P, Silverman JG, Kumar K, Ladusingh L, Singh A. PMID: 31709398.
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More than credit: Exploring associations between microcredit programs and maternal and reproductive health service utilization in India. SSM Popul Health. 2019 Dec; 9:100467. Dehingia N, Singh A, Raj A, McDougal L. PMID: 31463356.
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Measuring Gender-Based Household Maltreatment in Urban Slums of Mumbai, India. J Interpers Violence. 2021 10; 36(19-20):9232-9254. Ritter J, Dasgupta A, Raj A, Decker MR, Nair S, Trivedi A, Naik D, Donta B, Saggurti N, Silverman JG. PMID: 31364469.
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Cyber Sexual Harassment: Prevalence and association with substance use, poor mental health, and STI history among sexually active adolescent girls. J Adolesc. 2019 08; 75:53-62. Reed E, Salazar M, Behar AI, Agah N, Silverman JG, Minnis AM, Rusch MLA, Raj A. PMID: 31344557.
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Effects of Parent-Child Relationships on Child Marriage of Girls in Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam: Evidence From a Prospective Cohort. J Adolesc Health. 2019 10; 65(4):498-506. Bhan N, Gautsch L, McDougal L, Lapsansky C, Obregon R, Raj A. PMID: 31279722.
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A gender synchronized family planning intervention for married couples in rural India: study protocol for the CHARM2 cluster randomized controlled trial evaluation. Reprod Health. 2019 Jun 25; 16(1):88. Dixit A, Averbach S, Yore J, Kully G, Ghule M, Battala M, Begum S, Johns NE, Vaida F, Bharadwaj P, Wyss N, Saggurti N, Silverman J, Raj A. PMID: 31238954.
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Water, sanitation and hygiene: measuring gender equality and empowerment. Bull World Health Organ. 2019 Jun 01; 97(6):438-440. Kayser GL, Rao N, Jose R, Raj A. PMID: 31210683.
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Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Sexual Harassment in the United States, 2018. J Interpers Violence. 2021 08; 36(15-16):NP8268-NP8289. Raj A, Johns N, Jose R. PMID: 30973044.
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Political Differences in American Reports of Sexual Harassment and Assault. J Interpers Violence. 2021 08; 36(15-16):7695-7721. Jose R, Fowler JH, Raj A. PMID: 30898004.
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Students and brides: a qualitative analysis of the relationship between girls' education and early marriage in Ethiopia and India. BMC Public Health. 2019 Jan 07; 19(1):19. Raj A, Salazar M, Jackson EC, Wyss N, McClendon KA, Khanna A, Belayneh Y, McDougal L. PMID: 30612553.
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Releasing the Tide: How Has a Shock to the Acceptability of Gender-Based Sexual Violence Affected Rape Reporting to Police in India? J Interpers Violence. 2021 06; 36(11-12):NP5921-NP5943. McDougal L, Krumholz S, Bhan N, Bharadwaj P, Raj A. PMID: 30442046.
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Gender Differences in Academic Medicine: Retention, Rank, and Leadership Comparisons From the National Faculty Survey. Acad Med. 2018 11; 93(11):1694-1699. Carr PL, Raj A, Kaplan SE, Terrin N, Breeze JL, Freund KM. PMID: 29384751.
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Understanding intersections of social determinants of maternal healthcare utilization in Uttar Pradesh, India. PLoS One. 2018; 13(10):e0204810. Dey A, Hay K, Afroz B, Chandurkar D, Singh K, Dehingia N, Raj A, Silverman JG. PMID: 30286134.
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Spousal discordance on reports of contraceptive communication, contraceptive use, and ideal family size in rural India: a cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health. 2018 09 04; 18(1):147. Shakya HB, Dasgupta A, Ghule M, Battala M, Saggurti N, Donta B, Nair S, Silverman J, Raj A. PMID: 30180845.
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Female Gender and HIV Transmission Risk Behaviors Among People Living with HIV Who Have Ever Used Injection Drugs in St. Petersburg, Russia. AIDS Behav. 2018 Sep; 22(9):2830-2839. Wagman JA, Samet JH, Cheng DM, Gnatienko N, Raj A, Blokhina E, Toussova O, Forman LS, Lioznov D, Tsui JI. PMID: 29797161.
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Beyond the statistic: exploring the process of early marriage decision-making using qualitative findings from Ethiopia and India. BMC Womens Health. 2018 08 24; 18(1):144. McDougal L, Jackson EC, McClendon KA, Belayneh Y, Sinha A, Raj A. PMID: 30143040.
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Contraceptive Use Among HIV-Infected Females with History of Injection Drug Use in St. Petersburg, Russia. AIDS Behav. 2018 Jun; 22(6):1787-1791. West BS, Cheng DM, Toussova O, Blokhina E, Gnatienko N, Liu K, Samet JH, Raj A. PMID: 29170946.
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Race/Ethnicity and Success in Academic Medicine: Findings From a Longitudinal Multi-Institutional Study. Acad Med. 2018 04; 93(4):616-622. Kaplan SE, Raj A, Carr PL, Terrin N, Breeze JL, Freund KM. PMID: 29068820.
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Associations of intimate partner violence with postnatal health practices in Bihar, India. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2017 Nov 29; 17(1):398. Boyce SC, McDougal L, Silverman JG, Atmavilas Y, Dhar D, Hay K, Raj A. PMID: 29187158.
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Longitudinal analysis of the impact of economic empowerment on risk for intimate partner violence among married women in rural Maharashtra, India. Soc Sci Med. 2018 01; 196:197-203. Raj A, Silverman JG, Klugman J, Saggurti N, Donta B, Shakya HB. PMID: 29197753.
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Intersections of girl child marriage and family planning beliefs and use: qualitative findings from Ethiopia and India. Cult Health Sex. 2018 07; 20(7):799-814. Hanna RF, Ward TJ, Chow DS, Lagana SM, Moreira RK, Emond JC, Weintraub JL, Prince MR, McClendon KA, McDougal L, Ayyaluru S, Belayneh Y, Sinha A, Silverman JG, Raj A. PMID: 29043910.
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Associations Between Mistreatment by a Provider during Childbirth and Maternal Health Complications in Uttar Pradesh, India. Matern Child Health J. 2017 Sep; 21(9):1821-1833. Raj A, Dey A, Boyce S, Seth A, Bora S, Chandurkar D, Hay K, Singh K, Das AK, Chakraverty A, Ramakrishnan A, Shetye M, Saggurti N, Silverman JG. PMID: 28676965.
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Gender Empowerment Index: a choice of progress or perfection. Lancet Glob Health. 2017 09; 5(9):e849-e850. Raj A. PMID: 28755893.
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Masculine Gender Ideologies, Intimate Partner Violence, and Alcohol Use Increase Risk for Genital Tract Infections Among Men. J Interpers Violence. 2020 06; 35(11-12):2316-2334. Tsuyuki K, Donta B, Dasgupta A, Fleming PJ, Ghule M, Madhusudana B, Nair S, Silverman JG, Saggurti N, Raj A. PMID: 29294709.
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Validity of self-reported age at marriage in rural India. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2017 06; 137(3):343-344. Raj A. PMID: 28218966.
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Leaving no one behind: can the Family Planning Estimation Tool help? Lancet Glob Health. 2017 03; 5(3):e242-e243. Raj A, McDougal L. PMID: 28193384.
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Longitudinal associations of intimate partner violence attitudes and perpetration: Dyadic couples data from a randomized controlled trial in rural India. Soc Sci Med. 2017 04; 179:97-105. Shakya HB, Fleming P, Saggurti N, Donta B, Silverman J, Raj A. PMID: 28260640.
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Making the continuum of care work for mothers and infants: Does gender equity matter? Findings from a quasi-experimental study in Bihar, India. PLoS One. 2017; 12(2):e0171002. McDougal L, Atmavilas Y, Hay K, Silverman JG, Tarigopula UK, Raj A. PMID: 28146586.
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Maternal morbidity associated with violence and maltreatment from husbands and in-laws: findings from Indian slum communities. Reprod Health. 2016 Sep 08; 13:109. Silverman JG, Balaiah D, Ritter J, Dasgupta A, Boyce SC, Decker MR, Naik DD, Nair S, Saggurti N, Raj A. PMID: 27608805.
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Longitudinal Analysis of Gender Differences in Academic Productivity Among Medical Faculty Across 24 Medical Schools in the United States. Acad Med. 2016 08; 91(8):1074-9. Raj A, Carr PL, Kaplan SE, Terrin N, Breeze JL, Freund KM. PMID: 27276002.
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Inequities in Academic Compensation by Gender: A Follow-up to the National Faculty Survey Cohort Study. Acad Med. 2016 08; 91(8):1068-73. Freund KM, Raj A, Kaplan SE, Terrin N, Breeze JL, Urech TH, Carr PL. PMID: 27276007.
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Linkages Within the Reproductive and Maternal Health Continuum of Care in Bangladesh. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2016 07; 28(5):423-37. McDougal L, Rusch ML, Silverman JG, Raj A. PMID: 27371578.
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Access to Money and Relation to Women's Use of Family Planning Methods Among Young Married Women in Rural India. Matern Child Health J. 2016 06; 20(6):1203-10. Reed E, Donta B, Dasgupta A, Ghule M, Battala M, Nair S, Silverman J, Jadhav A, Palaye P, Saggurti N, Raj A. PMID: 26971270.
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Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluation of a Gender Equity and Family Planning Intervention for Married Men and Couples in Rural India. PLoS One. 2016; 11(5):e0153190. Raj A, Ghule M, Ritter J, Battala M, Gajanan V, Nair S, Dasgupta A, Silverman JG, Balaiah D, Saggurti N. PMID: 27167981.
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Blacks face higher risk of drug arrests in White neighborhoods. Int J Drug Policy. 2016 06; 32:100-3. Fielding-Miller R, Davidson P, Raj A. PMID: 27129793.
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CHARM, a gender equity and family planning intervention for men and couples in rural India: protocol for the cluster randomized controlled trial evaluation. Reprod Health. 2016 Feb 20; 13:14. Yore J, Dasgupta A, Ghule M, Battala M, Nair S, Silverman J, Saggurti N, Balaiah D, Raj A. PMID: 26897656.
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Husband's Alcohol Use, Intimate Partner Violence, and Family Maltreatment of Low-Income Postpartum Women in Mumbai, India. J Interpers Violence. 2018 07; 33(14):2241-2267. Wagman JA, Donta B, Ritter J, Naik DD, Nair S, Saggurti N, Raj A, Silverman JG. PMID: 26802047.
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Family Violence and Maltreatment of Women During the Perinatal Period: Associations with Infant Morbidity in Indian Slum Communities. Matern Child Health J. 2016 Jan; 20(1):149-157. Silverman JG, Balaiah D, Decker MR, Boyce SC, Ritter J, Naik DD, Nair S, Saggurti N, Raj A. PMID: 26440937.
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Intimate partner violence among married couples in India and contraceptive use reported by women but not husbands. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2016 Apr; 133(1):22-5. Reed E, Saggurti N, Donta B, Ritter J, Dasgupta A, Ghule M, Battala M, Nair S, Silverman JG, Jadhav A, Palaye P, Raj A. PMID: 26873122.
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Household Debt and Relation to Intimate Partner Violence and Husbands' Attitudes Toward Gender Norms: A Study Among Young Married Couples in Rural Maharashtra, India. Public Health Rep. 2015 Nov-Dec; 130(6):664-71. Reed E, Donta B, Dasgupta A, Ghule M, Battala M, Nair S, Silverman JG, Jadhav A, Palaye P, Saggurti N, Raj A. PMID: 26556938.
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Socio-structural and behavioral risk factors associated with trafficked history of female bar/spa entertainers in the sex trade in the Philippines. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2016 Jan; 132(1):55-9. Urada LA, Halterman S, Raj A, Tsuyuki K, Pimentel-Simbulan N, Silverman JG. PMID: 26434671.
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Sexual Violence and HIV Infection Associated With Adolescent vs Adult Entry Into the Sex Trade in Mexico. JAMA. 2015 Aug 04; 314(5):516-8. Silverman JG, Servin A, Goldenberg SM, Magis-Rodriguez C, Ritter J, Raj A, Brouwer KC. PMID: 26241604.
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Age at menarche, education, and child marriage among young wives in rural Maharashtra, India. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2015 Oct; 131(1):103-4. Raj A, Ghule M, Nair S, Saggurti N, Balaiah D, Silverman JG. PMID: 26188875.
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Targeting the SAVA (Substance Abuse, Violence, and AIDS) Syndemic Among Women and Girls: A Global Review of Epidemiology and Integrated Interventions. . 2015 Jun 01; 69 Suppl 2:S118-27. Gilbert L, Raj A, Hien D, Stockman J, Terlikbayeva A, Wyatt G. PMID: 25978478.
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Associations of marital violence with different forms of contraception: cross-sectional findings from South Asia. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2015 Aug; 130 Suppl 3:E56-61. Raj A, McDougal L, Reed E, Silverman JG. PMID: 25997632.
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Associations of intimate partner violence with unintended pregnancy and pre-pregnancy contraceptive use in South Asia. Contraception. 2015 Jun; 91(6):456-63. Raj A, McDougal L. PMID: 25769441.
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Gendered effects of siblings on child malnutrition in South Asia: cross-sectional analysis of demographic and health surveys from Bangladesh, India, and Nepal. Matern Child Health J. 2015 Jan; 19(1):217-26. Raj A, McDougal LP, Silverman JG. PMID: 24889112.
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Intimate partner violence and reproductive coercion: global barriers to women's reproductive control. PLoS Med. 2014 Sep; 11(9):e1001723. Silverman JG, Raj A. PMID: 25226396.
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Cross-sectional time series analysis of associations between education and girl child marriage in Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan, 1991-2011. PLoS One. 2014; 9(9):e106210. Raj A, McDougal L, Silverman JG, Rusch ML. PMID: 25203635.
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Brief report: parent-adolescent child concordance in social norms related to gender equity in marriage - findings from rural India. J Adolesc. 2014 Oct; 37(7):1181-4. Raj A, Ghule M, Battala M, Dasgupta A, Ritter J, Nair S, Saggurti N, Silverman JG, Balaiah D. PMID: 25173179.
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Factors associated with study attrition among HIV-infected risky drinkers in St. Petersburg, Russia. HIV Clin Trials. 2014 May-Jun; 15(3):116-25. Kiriazova T, Cheng DM, Coleman SM, Blokhina E, Krupitsky E, Lira MC, Bridden C, Raj A, Samet JH. PMID: 24947535.
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Sexual violence and rape in India. Lancet. 2014 Mar 08; 383(9920):865. Raj A, McDougal L. PMID: 24607092.
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Associations of sex trafficking history with recent sexual risk among HIV-infected FSWs in India. AIDS Behav. 2014 Mar; 18(3):555-61. Silverman JG, Saggurti N, Cheng DM, Decker MR, Coleman SM, Bridden C, Pardeshi M, Dasgupta A, Samet JH, Raj A. PMID: 23955657.
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Teen dating violence perpetration and relation to STI and sexual risk behaviours among adolescent males. Sex Transm Infect. 2014 Jun; 90(4):322-4. Reed E, Miller E, Raj A, Decker MR, Silverman JG. PMID: 24578579.
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Postpartum contraception utilization among low-income women seeking immunization for infants in Mumbai, India. Contraception. 2014 Jun; 89(6):516-20. Mody SK, Nair S, Dasgupta A, Raj A, Donta B, Saggurti N, Naik DD, Silverman JG. PMID: 24560478.
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Randomized controlled trial to test the RHANI Wives HIV intervention for women in India at risk for HIV from husbands. AIDS Behav. 2013 Nov; 17(9):3066-80. Raj A, Saggurti N, Battala M, Nair S, Dasgupta A, Naik DD, Abramovitz D, Silverman JG, Balaiah D. PMID: 23921584.
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Effects of young maternal age and short interpregnancy interval on infant mortality in South Asia. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2014 Jan; 124(1):86-7. Raj A, McDougal L, Rusch ML. PMID: 24156988.
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Pilot evaluation of the Making Employment Needs [MEN] count intervention: addressing behavioral and structural HIV risks in heterosexual black men. AIDS Care. 2014 Feb; 26(2):152-9. Raj A, Dasgupta A, Goldson I, Lafontant D, Freeman E, Silverman JG. PMID: 23767788.
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History of intimate partner violence is associated with sex work but not sexually transmitted infection among HIV-positive female drinkers in Russia. Int J STD AIDS. 2013 Apr; 24(4):287-92. Urada LA, Raj A, Cheng DM, Quinn E, Bridden C, Blokhina EA, Krupitsky E, Samet JH. PMID: 23970660.
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Girl child marriage and its association with national rates of HIV, maternal health, and infant mortality across 97 countries. Violence Against Women. 2013 Apr; 19(4):536-51. Raj A, Boehmer U. PMID: 23698937.
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Experiences of racial discrimination and relation to sexual risk for HIV among a sample of urban black and African American men. J Urban Health. 2013 Apr; 90(2):314-22. Reed E, Santana MC, Bowleg L, Welles SL, Horsburgh CR, Raj A. PMID: 22674464.
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Association between having no sons and using no contraception among a nationally representative sample of young wives in Nepal. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2013 May; 121(2):162-5. Raj A, Vilms RJ, McDougal L, Silverman JG. PMID: 23474019.
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Sex work and its associations with alcohol and methamphetamine use among female bar and spa workers in the Philippines. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2014 Mar; 26(2):138-46. Urada LA, Strathdee SA, Morisky DE, Schilling RF, Simbulan NP, Estacio LR, Raj A. PMID: 23343641.
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Adverse pregnancy outcomes and sexual violence among female sex workers who inject drugs on the United States-Mexico border. Violence Vict. 2013; 28(3):496-512. McDougal L, Strathdee SA, Rangel G, Martinez G, Vera A, Sirotin N, Stockman JK, Ulibarri MD, Raj A. PMID: 23862312.
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Sexually transmitted infections among HIV-infected heavy drinkers in St Petersburg, Russia. Int J STD AIDS. 2012 Dec; 23(12):853-8. Pace CA, Lioznov D, Cheng DM, Wakeman SE, Raj A, Walley AY, Coleman SM, Bridden C, Krupitsky E, Samet JH. PMID: 23258823.
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Associations between partner violence perpetration and history of STI among HIV-infected substance using men in Russia. AIDS Care. 2013; 25(5):646-51. Raj A, Kidd JD, Cheng DM, Coleman S, Bridden C, Blokhina EA, Krupitsky E, Samet JH. PMID: 22971088.
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Local social support mitigates depression among women contending with spousal violence and husband's risky drinking in Mumbai slum communities. J Affect Disord. 2013 Feb 15; 145(1):126-9. Dasgupta A, Battala M, Saggurti N, Nair S, Naik DD, Silverman JG, Balaiah D, Raj A. PMID: 22877967.
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Changes in prevalence of girl child marriage in South Asia. JAMA. 2012 May 16; 307(19):2027-9. Raj A, McDougal L, Rusch ML. PMID: 22665097.
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Exploring the impact of underage sex work among female sex workers in two Mexico-US border cities. AIDS Behav. 2012 May; 16(4):969-81. Goldenberg SM, Rangel G, Vera A, Patterson TL, Abramovitz D, Silverman JG, Raj A, Strathdee SA. PMID: 22012147.
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Sex trafficking and initiation-related violence, alcohol use, and HIV risk among HIV-infected female sex workers in Mumbai, India. J Infect Dis. 2011 Dec 01; 204 Suppl 5:S1229-34. Silverman JG, Raj A, Cheng DM, Decker MR, Coleman S, Bridden C, Pardeshi M, Saggurti N, Samet JH. PMID: 22043037.
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Heterosexual risk for HIV among black men in the United States: a call to action against a neglected crisis in black communities. Am J Mens Health. 2012 May; 6(3):178-81. Raj A, Bowleg L. PMID: 21831928.
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Binge drinking and unsafe sex: a study of narcology hospital patients from St. Petersburg, Russia. Subst Abus. 2009 Jul-Sep; 30(3):213-22. Raj A, Cheng DM, Krupitsky EM, Levenson S, Egorova VY, Meli S, Zvartau EE, Samet JH. PMID: 19591057.
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Experiences of racial discrimination & relation to violence perpetration and gang involvement among a sample of urban African American men. J Immigr Minor Health. 2010 Jun; 12(3):319-26. Reed E, Silverman JG, Ickovics JR, Gupta J, Welles SL, Santana MC, Raj A. PMID: 18553221.
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Intimate partner violence and sexually transmitted disease symptoms in a national sample of married Bangladeshi women. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2008 Jan; 100(1):18-23. Decker MR, Miller E, Kapur NA, Gupta J, Raj A, Silverman JG. PMID: 17904559.
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Intimate partner violence and unwanted pregnancy, miscarriage, induced abortion, and stillbirth among a national sample of Bangladeshi women. BJOG. 2007 Oct; 114(10):1246-52. Silverman JG, Gupta J, Decker MR, Kapur N, Raj A. PMID: 17877676.
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Contexts of condom use and non-condom use among young adolescent male perpetrators of dating violence. AIDS Care. 2007 Sep; 19(8):970-3. Raj A, Reed E, Miller E, Decker MR, Rothman EF, Silverman JG. PMID: 17851992.
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Sexual violence against adolescent girls: influences of immigration and acculturation. Violence Against Women. 2007 May; 13(5):498-513. Decker MR, Raj A, Silverman JG. PMID: 17478674.
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Experiences of sex trafficking victims in Mumbai, India. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2007 Jun; 97(3):221-6. Silverman JG, Decker MR, Gupta J, Maheshwari A, Patel V, Willis BM, Raj A. PMID: 17320087.
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Substance use during sexual and physical assault in HIV-infected persons. Violence Vict. 2007; 22(2):216-25. Chuang CH, Liebschutz JM, Cheng DM, Raj A, Samet JH. PMID: 17479557.
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Associations between alcohol, heroin, and cocaine use and high risk sexual behaviors among detoxification patients. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2007; 33(1):169-78. Raj A, Saitz R, Cheng DM, Winter M, Samet JH. PMID: 17366258.
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HIV prevalence and predictors among rescued sex-trafficked women and girls in Mumbai, India. . 2006 Dec 15; 43(5):588-93. Silverman JG, Decker MR, Gupta J, Maheshwari A, Patel V, Raj A. PMID: 17019369.
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Intimate partner violence around the time of pregnancy: association with breastfeeding behavior. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2006 Oct; 15(8):934-40. Silverman JG, Decker MR, Reed E, Raj A. PMID: 17087617.
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Victims of intimate partner violence more likely to report abuse from in-laws. Violence Against Women. 2006 Oct; 12(10):936-49. Raj A, Livramento KN, Santana MC, Gupta J, Silverman JG. PMID: 16957174.
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Intimate partner violence associated with poor health outcomes in U.S. South Asian women. J Immigr Minor Health. 2006 Jul; 8(3):251-61. Hurwitz EJ, Gupta J, Liu R, Silverman JG, Raj A. PMID: 16791535.
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Masculine gender roles associated with increased sexual risk and intimate partner violence perpetration among young adult men. J Urban Health. 2006 Jul; 83(4):575-85. Santana MC, Raj A, Decker MR, La Marche A, Silverman JG. PMID: 16845496.
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Social norms and beliefs regarding sexual risk and pregnancy involvement among adolescent males treated for dating violence perpetration. J Urban Health. 2006 Jul; 83(4):723-35. Silverman JG, Decker MR, Reed E, Rothman EF, Hathaway JE, Raj A, Miller E. PMID: 16845498.
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Perpetration of intimate partner violence associated with sexual risk behaviors among young adult men. Am J Public Health. 2006 Oct; 96(10):1873-8. Raj A, Santana MC, La Marche A, Amaro H, Cranston K, Silverman JG. PMID: 16670216.
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Intimate partner violence victimization prior to and during pregnancy among women residing in 26 U.S. states: associations with maternal and neonatal health. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Jul; 195(1):140-8. Silverman JG, Decker MR, Reed E, Raj A. PMID: 16813751.
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Violence against women associated with arrests for sex trade but not drug charges. Int J Law Psychiatry. 2006 May-Jun; 29(3):204-11. Raj A, Clarke JG, Silverman JG, Rose J, Rosengard C, Hebert M, Stein M. PMID: 16563506.
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Sex trade, sexual risk, and nondisclosure of HIV serostatus: findings from HIV-infected persons with a history of alcohol problems. AIDS Behav. 2006 Mar; 10(2):149-57. Raj A, Cheng DM, Levison R, Meli S, Samet JH. PMID: 16482406.
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Dating violence and sexually transmitted disease/HIV testing and diagnosis among adolescent females. Pediatrics. 2005 Aug; 116(2):e272-6. Decker MR, Silverman JG, Raj A. PMID: 16061580.
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South Asian victims of intimate partner violence more likely than non-victims to report sexual health concerns. J Immigr Health. 2005 Apr; 7(2):85-91. Raj A, Liu R, McCleary-Sills J, Silverman JG. PMID: 15789160.
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Heterosexual behavioral maintenance and change following HIV counseling and testing. J Health Psychol. 2005 Mar; 10(2):287-300. Amaro H, Morrill AC, Dai J, Cabral H, Raj A. PMID: 15723897.
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Substance abuse treatment and risk behaviors among HIV-infected persons with alcohol problems. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2005 Jan; 28(1):3-9. Palepu A, Raj A, Horton NJ, Tibbetts N, Meli S, Samet JH. PMID: 15723726.
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Immigration policies increase south Asian immigrant women's vulnerability to intimate partner violence. J Am Med Womens Assoc (1972). 2005; 60(1):26-32. Raj A, Silverman JG, McCleary-Sills J, Liu R. PMID: 16845767.
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Dating violence and associated sexual risk and pregnancy among adolescent girls in the United States. Pediatrics. 2004 Aug; 114(2):e220-5. Silverman JG, Raj A, Clements K. PMID: 15286260.
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Abused women report greater male partner risk and gender-based risk for HIV: findings from a community-based study with Hispanic women. AIDS Care. 2004 May; 16(4):519-29. Raj A, Silverman JG, Amaro H. PMID: 15203419.
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Immigrant South Asian women at greater risk for injury from intimate partner violence. Am J Public Health. 2003 Mar; 93(3):435-7. Raj A, Silverman JG. PMID: 12604489.
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Intimate partner violence against South Asian women in greater Boston. J Am Med Womens Assoc (1972). 2002; 57(2):111-4. Raj A, Silverman JG. PMID: 11991419.
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Dating violence against adolescent girls and associated substance use, unhealthy weight control, sexual risk behavior, pregnancy, and suicidality. JAMA. 2001 Aug 01; 286(5):572-9. Silverman JG, Raj A, Mucci LA, Hathaway JE. PMID: 11476659.
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Adverse consequences of intimate partner abuse among women in non-urban domestic violence shelters. Am J Prev Med. 2000 Nov; 19(4):270-5. Wingood GM, DiClemente RJ, Raj A. PMID: 11064231.
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The relationship between sexual abuse and sexual risk among high school students: findings from the 1997 Massachusetts Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Matern Child Health J. 2000 Jun; 4(2):125-34. Raj A, Silverman JG, Amaro H. PMID: 10994581.
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Identifying the prevalence and correlates of STDs among women residing in rural domestic violence shelters. Women Health. 2000; 30(4):15-26. Wingood GM, DiClemente RJ, Raj A. PMID: 10983607.
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Prevalence and Correlates of Relationship Abuse Among a Community-Based Sample of Low-Income African American Women. Violence Against Women. 1999; 5(3):272-291. View Publication.
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Community empowerment paradigm drift and the primary prevention of HIV/AIDS. Soc Sci Med. 1998 Apr; 46(7):831-42. Beeker C, Guenther-Grey C, Raj A. PMID: 9541069.
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Identification of social cognitive variables as predictors of safer sex behavior and intent in heterosexual college students. J Sex Marital Ther. 1996; 22(4):247-58. Raj A. PMID: 9018650.
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Factors predicting high-risk sexual behavior in heterosexual college females. J Sex Marital Ther. 1995; 21(3):213-24. Raj A, Pollack RH. PMID: 7500372.
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Formate assay in body fluids: application in methanol poisoning. Biochem Med. 1975 Jun; 13(2):117-26. Makar AB, McMartin KE, Palese M, Tephly TR. PMID: 1.
Research Activities And Funding
Collaborative research and training to improve understanding of the current state of gender equity and health in India using NFHS data Bill & Melinda Gates FoundationOPP1179208Nov 7, 2017 - Oct 31, 2020 |
Gendered Analysis of Udaya Study Data to Inform RKSK in India Packard Foundation2017-66705Nov 1, 2017 - Oct 31, 2018 |
Linking Russian Narcology & HIV Care to Enhance Treatment, Retention & Outcomes - Part II NIH/NIDAR01DA045547Sep 15, 2017 - Jul 31, 2018 Role: Co-Investigator |
Enhancing male participation in interventions to prevent unintended pregnancy NIHR01HD084453Sep 1, 2017 - May 31, 2022 Role: Principal Investigator |
Strengthening evidence base in support of behavior and social change interventions to end child marriage. United Nations Children's Fund20160656Mar 14, 2017 - Mar 13, 2020 |